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探索休斯顿的历史

Just months after Texas won its independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto, brothers John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen purchased a little over 6,在布法罗河岸边600英亩的土地上建一座新城. 投资不到10美元,000, the duo would become the founding fathers of Houston and what began as a struggling trading post would in time become the fourth largest city in the nation and a capital of industry.

探索 the history of Houston by decade in this interactive timeline. 

19世纪30年代的休斯顿

Houston's birth coincides with Texas' battle for independence as the new town struggles to create an identity. 

1836

4月21日, 山姆·休斯顿将军’s army wins Texas’ independence from Mexico in the Battle of San Jacinto.

1836

休斯顿于8月30日由奥古斯都. 约翰·K. 艾伦,他只付了1美元多一点.在布法罗河口附近的6642英亩土地上,每英亩40美元.

1836

Allen Brothers call on Gail Borden (publisher, surveyor, originator of condensed milk) and Thomas H. 博登调查现场. Gail Borden lays out the town’s streets 80’ wide, with the principal east-west street (Texas Ave.) 100英尺宽.

1837

山姆·休斯顿将军, 德克萨斯共和国的第一任总统, 签署法案授权休斯顿成立公司. 从1837年到1839年,休斯顿是共和国的首都.

1837

劳拉号是第一艘访问休斯顿的轮船.

1838

一个斗大队,保护消防公司. 1、是为了灭火而形成的.

Caption
A replica of one of the original maps for the new city of Houston created by Gail Borden, 艾伦兄弟雇的那个人.
Caption
A replica of one of the original maps for the new city of Houston created by Gail Borden, 艾伦兄弟雇的那个人.

19世纪40年代的休斯顿.

这十年迎来了休斯顿商会的诞生, 该地区第一个持续的媒体渠道, 以及德州的州地位. 

1840

On April 4, seven Houston businessmen form the 休斯敦商会.

1841

休斯顿警察局成立.

1842

德州最古老的报纸, 加尔维斯顿县每日新闻,首次出版.

1846

德克萨斯成为美国第28个州.

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位于今天市中心北端的旧市场广场.
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位于今天市中心北端的旧市场广场.

19世纪50年代的休斯顿

Houston's identity as a trading hub emerges with improvements to Buffalo Bayou and the first railroad.  

1850

First census after Texas joins the United States counts 2,396 Houstonians. 加尔维斯顿有4,117名居民,是该州最大的城市.

1853

休斯顿的第一条铁路——布法罗河,布拉索斯 & 科罗拉多铁路开始运营.

1853

德克萨斯州议会拨款4000美元用于布法罗河的改善.

1859

Three competing firefighting companies combined into the Houston Volunteer Fire Department.

Caption
1856年国会和普雷斯顿之间的主街. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆
Caption
1856年国会和普雷斯顿之间的主街. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆

1860年代的休斯顿

Commerce continues to grow in the 1860s as Houston introduces the first iteration of public transportation. 

1861

City provides “land and good buildings” for a smallpox/yellow fever hospital.

1861

休斯顿和哈里斯县投票脱离联邦. 南北战争期间,距离最近的战斗发生在加尔维斯顿.

1866

休斯顿的第一家银行,第一国民银行成立.

1867

休斯顿石墙队击败加尔维斯顿队. 李在休斯顿的第一场棒球比赛中以35比2获胜.

1868

休斯顿的第一辆电车(骡拉)出现.

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骡子牵引的电车最早出现在19世纪60年代的休斯顿. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
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骡子牵引的电车最早出现在19世纪60年代的休斯顿. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

19世纪70年代的休斯顿

专门的船舶通道的想法具体化了, 为休斯顿未来成为全球贸易中心奠定了基础. 

1870

德克萨斯重新加入联邦.

1870

人口普查显示休斯顿的人口达到9332人. 哈里斯县的人数达到了17375人,在全州排名第二.

1870

Congress designates Houston a port; first survey of Houston’s proposed ship channel is conducted.

1872

Congress makes its first appropriation — $10,000 — for ship channel improvements.

1874

休斯敦贸易委员会和棉花交易所组织.

1875

第一个谷物升降机在休斯敦航道上建造.

1877

休斯顿第一所免费公立学校成立.

Caption
An engraving depicting Buffalo Bayou at Allen's Landing in the 1870s. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
Caption
An engraving depicting Buffalo Bayou at Allen's Landing in the 1870s. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

19世纪80年代的休斯顿

Electric power and a dedicated communications grid top infrastructure improvements in the 1880s. 

1880

休斯顿的第一个电话交换机创建.

1882

休斯顿电灯公司. 组织. Houston and New York are the first cities to build electric power plants.

1882

休斯顿获得了第一盏弧光灯.

1887

慈善姐妹会在休斯敦开设了第一家综合医院.

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休斯顿中央车站. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
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休斯顿中央车站. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

19世纪90年代的休斯顿

A professional fire department and a dedicated city park help elevate Houston moving into the 1900s. 

1891

休斯顿是德克萨斯州第一个拥有电动有轨电车的城市. 

1895

Houston Business League is founded (became 休斯敦商会 in 1910).

1895

休斯敦消防局取代休斯敦志愿消防局.

1897

汽车首先作为广告噱头出现在休斯敦.

1897

休斯顿的第一条沥青街道铺设在富兰克林街. 

1898

Galveston Country Club opens with Texas’ first recorded professionally designed golf course.

1899

休斯顿首个城市公园开放. (This site, now Sam Houston Park, contains several of Houston’s earliest buildings.)

Caption
First opened in 1899, today Sam Houston Park sits across the street from City Hall. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
Caption
First opened in 1899, today Sam Houston Park sits across the street from City Hall. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

20世纪的休斯顿

A devastating hurricane in Galveston and the discovery of oil at Spindletop set in motion a reversal of fortunes for Houston and Galveston as economic momentum moves from the island community to its inland sister. 

1900

美国历史上最致命的四级飓风.S. 历史——打击加尔维斯顿, 声称超过6,000 lives and causing property damage exceeding $30 million ($902 million in 2019 dollars).

1901

Houston Left Hand Fishing Club purchases the city’s first automobile from Olds Motor Works of Detroit.

1901

在Spindletop发现石油, 以及后来在1905年和1906年分别在Humble和Goose Creek的发现, put Houston in the center of new oil and oilfield equipment development.

1902

Congress appropriates $1 million for work on the Houston Ship Channel.

1905

休斯顿有80辆汽车.

1908

休斯顿市议会规定限速为每小时8英里.

1909

休斯顿博物馆和科学学会有限公司.休斯敦自然科学博物馆的前身.

1909

休斯顿警方开始使用摩托车来执行速度限制.

1909

Houston Country Club opens with Houston’s first professionally designed 18-hole golf course.

Caption
休斯顿东部的Spindletop油田. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
Caption
休斯顿东部的Spindletop油田. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

20世纪10年代的休斯顿

A higher education institution and a large public park add to the infrastructure investments in Houston while a new ship channel opens a gateway to global trade. 

1910

国会接受, from a group of Houston businessmen headed by the 休斯敦商会, a novel plan to split ship channel development costs between Houston and the federal government.

1912

莱斯学院(现在的莱斯大学)开始上课.

1913

休斯顿交响乐团成立. 

1914

The 25-foot-deep Houston Ship Channel is completed and formally dedicated.

1915

第一艘深水船,S.S. 萨蒂拉号,在休斯敦呼叫.

1914

George Hermann donates 285 acres to the city for a public park near Rice Institute.

Caption
1918年,第一次世界大战胜利的游行队伍穿过市中心的街道. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
Caption
1918年,第一次世界大战胜利的游行队伍穿过市中心的街道. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

20世纪20年代的休斯顿

Air-conditioning is first introduced in a public building in the 1920s. In later decades the technology would revolutionize Houston's quality of life, minimizing the effect of the sub-tropical climate on its residents and prompting a building boom. 

1920s-1930s

沿着航道的炼油厂大量增加, 利用廉价的水上运输.

1921

休斯顿通过了一项法令,将税收用于其图书馆系统.

1923

Second National Bank becomes Houston’s first air-conditioned building.

1923

South Texas School of Law, as it was then known, opens its doors on Sept. 24, 1923, with seven part-time instructors and a first class of just 34 students. The institution now known as South Texas College of Law Houston is the city's oldest law school. 

1924

Houston Museum of Fine 艺术, the first fine arts museum in Texas, opens.

1926

天然气首先通过管道输送到休斯敦.

1927

Houston Colored Junior College, the forerunner of Texas Southern University, established.

1927

Houston Junior College (now the University of Houston) is established.

1928

全国民主党代表大会在休斯敦举行.

1928

Municipal airport opened; air mail service to Houston begins.

1929

City Planning Commission recommends that Houston adopt a zoning ordinance but finds scant support.

Caption
The original building of the Museum of Fine 艺术 Houston is now part of the Caroline Weiss Building on the museum's campus. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
Caption
The original building of the Museum of Fine 艺术 Houston is now part of the Caroline Weiss Building on the museum's campus. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

1930年代的休斯顿

Houston becomes the most populous city in Texas for the first time in the 1930s and a new perennial event comes to dominate the city's social calendar. 

1930

Census ranks Houston as state's most populous city at 292,352 residents. 

1932

第一届休斯顿脂肪库存展 & 牛仔竞技表演(现在的休斯敦家畜表演和牛仔竞技)举行.

1934

Intracoastal Canal links Houston to Mississippi River navigation system.

1935

Braniff International inaugurates first scheduled air passenger service to Houston.

Caption
The Houston Fat Stock Show, later the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, got its start in the 1930s. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.
Caption
The Houston Fat Stock Show, later the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, got its start in the 1930s. 资料来源:休斯顿大学数字图书馆.

40年代的休斯顿

In a single night in the late 1940s, the city of Houston nearly triples in size. 与此同时, the beginning of the Texas Medical Center establishes the city as a hub for health care and cutting edge medical treatment. 

1940s

Petrochemical complex develops, taking feedstocks from nearby refineries.

1941

新的休斯顿道路总体规划强调环线系统.

1943

德克萨斯医疗中心成立.

1946

休斯敦高尔夫协会. hosts its first PGA Tour event — now the Houston Open, 10th oldest event on the PGA schedule.

1947

Houston College for Negroes acquired by Texas Legislature; established as Texas State University for Negroes (now Texas Southern University).

1947

小巷剧院成立. 

1947

工程开始于海湾高速公路,德州第一条高速公路.

1948

休斯顿选民否决了拟议的分区条例.

1948

12月31日,休斯顿的面积从74扩大到74.4平方英里到216平方英里. 

1948

休斯顿港总吨位居全国第二位.

1949

KLEE-TV首次播出休斯顿商业电视节目. 

Caption
The 休斯敦商会's annual meeting was held in January 1945.
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The 休斯敦商会's annual meeting was held in January 1945.

50年代的休斯顿

在二战后的岁月里, the city turns to investing in the arts with the creation of the Houston Grand Opera and the Houston Ballet. 

1953

KUHT-TV, the nation’s first public broadcast TV station, goes on the air.

1955

休斯敦大歌剧协会和休斯敦芭蕾舞团成立. 

1955

休斯顿市区人口达到100万.

Caption
1954年休斯敦车展.
Caption
1954年休斯敦车展.

1960年代的休斯顿

The 1960s bring the Space Age to Houston with the creation of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, 后来的约翰逊航天中心. 在这个十年结束之前, the nation will put two men on the moon in a mission directed from Houston. 

1962

NASA载人飞船中心迁至休斯顿.

1962

休斯顿选民否决了拟议的分区条例.

1965

第一场比赛在阿斯特罗多姆举行.

1969

休斯顿洲际机场开始运营.

1969

“休斯顿”是从月球表面说出的第一个词.

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阿波罗11号, 第一次载人登月任务, 是由休斯顿的载人航天中心控制的吗.
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阿波罗11号, 第一次载人登月任务, 是由休斯顿的载人航天中心控制的吗.

70年代的休斯顿

The 1970s bring energy consolidation to Houston and an indoor mall that would revolutionize the shopping experience. 

1970

Galleria开业. 

1971

壳牌石油公司. 将公司总部迁至休斯顿. More than 200 major firms move headquarters, subsidiaries and divisions here in the 1970s. 

1973

Arab oil embargo quadruples oil prices in 90 days, fueling Houston’s 1973-1981 economic boom.

1978

选民批准并资助大都会运输管理局.

Caption
市中心的宁静公园, 纪念休斯顿在阿波罗11号任务中的重要作用, 1979年开业.
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市中心的宁静公园, 纪念休斯顿在阿波罗11号任务中的重要作用, 1979年开业.

20世纪80年代的休斯顿

The recession of the 1980s hits Houston hard, particularly the dominant energy sector. Nearly one out of six jobs in the region are lost before Houston recovers. 经济衰退促使人们重新关注当地经济的多样化. 

1982

就业人数在衰退开始前的3月份达到了1,583,400人的峰值.

1983

12个月内建成155座办公楼.

1983

选民批准成立哈里斯县收费公路管理局.

1986

估计1人.4月5日,300万人参加了休斯顿市中心的游行, 1986 to see 法国 composer Jean-Michel Jarre's "Rendez-vous Houston: A City in Concert."

1987

Trough of recession in January; net recession loss of 221,900 jobs.

1987

Wortham Center, home to Houston Ballet and Houston Grand Opera, opens.

1987

乔治·R. Brown Convention Center opens on 11 blocks on the east end of downtown. 该中心将于2001年扩大到1个.800万平方英尺. 

1989

休斯敦商会, Houston Economic Development Council and Houston World Trade Association combine to form Greater Houston Partnership.

Caption
1987年开业.
Caption
1987年开业.

20世纪90年代的休斯顿

The voters of Houston reject zoning laws for the third and final time in the 1990s forcing city leaders to regulate development through other means. 

1990

Houston economic recovery complete; April job count above March 1982 level.

1990

休斯顿主办了第16届工业化国家年度经济峰会.

1991

休斯顿市议会颁布了第一个分区法规.

1992

共和党全国代表大会在休斯敦举行.

1993

休斯顿选民否决了拟议的分区条例.

Caption
上世纪90年代末,美汁源公园正在建设中.
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上世纪90年代末,美汁源公园正在建设中.

2000年代的休斯顿

这十年来,大风暴一直是一个主题. Houston opens its arms to evacuees from New Orleans and the Gulf Coast during Hurricane Katrina only to be devastated itself three years later by Hurricane Ike. Such storms prompt a conversation around resiliency and how to make coastal communities safer. 

2000

人口普查发现,休斯敦MSA没有种族或族裔占多数.

2000

Minute Maid Park, home of Major League Baseball’s Houston Astros, opens.

2001

Tropical Storm Allison inundates Houston June 5-9, claiming 22 lives and inflicting $4.9 billion in property damage, with storm precipitation as high as 35.在某些地方有67英寸.

2002

NRG Stadium, home of the National Football League’s Houston Texans, opens.

2002

表演艺术爱好中心开业.

2003

Toyota Center, home of the National Basketball Association’s Houston Rockets, opens.

2004

休斯顿第一条现代轻轨线路,7.5英里长,开始运作.

2004

休斯顿主办NFL超级碗第三十八届.

2005

More than 100,000 evacuees flee to Houston from southern Louisiana in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.

2008

飓风艾克于9月9日登陆. 13级飓风袭击加尔维斯顿,强度为二级风暴, claiming at least 70 lives and causing some $27 billion in  property damage along the Texas Gulf Coast, 在美国最昂贵的城市中排名第三.S. 飓风.

Caption
Caption

2010年代的休斯顿

在2017年第二次超级碗之前的几年里, Houston spends billions of dollars on infrastructure improvements and new projects in districts from Downtown to Hobby Airport. Though the projects - from new hotels to roadway improvements - are designed to endure, the promise of the national spotlight puts a definitive deadline on completion before the big game. 

2011

By November, Houston returns to 2008 pre-recession employment levels; first major metro to do so.

2012

美国职业足球大联盟休斯顿迪纳摩队的主场PNC体育场开放.

2013

A $60-billion boom in chemical plant construction begins along the Gulf Coast. Construction boom helps to offset job losses in energy over the next two years.

Oil prices peak at $108 per barrel in June before plunging 75% over the next 18 months devastating the local energy industry. 近8万个与皇冠HGA010官方下载相关的工作岗位将消失.

2015

Hobby Airport launches international service with the opening of the airport’s first international terminal.

2015

Ellington Airport receives a commercial spaceport license by the Federal 航空 Administration.

2016

皇冠HGA010官方下载低迷触底,开始缓慢复苏.

2017

休斯顿主办NFL第二次超级碗.

2017

飓风哈维给休斯顿带来了5天的降雨. 该地区许多地区的总降雨量超过50英寸.

2017

The American League Houston Astros defeat the National League Los Angeles Dodgers to win Major League Baseball’s World Series.

2018

Rice University announced plans to develop new hub for 创新 District in Midtown.

Caption
观看超级碗现场直播,观看第二次超级碗.
Caption
观看超级碗现场直播,观看第二次超级碗.
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